Tecnologías de identidad digital aplicadas a la autenticación segura en ecosistemas descentralizados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64439/cisai.v2i2.47Palabras clave:
cadena de bloques, identidad autosoberana, identificadores descentralizados, autenticación segura, credenciales verificablesResumen
Garantizar la autenticación segura de usuarios en ecosistemas descentralizados constituye uno de los retos más complejos de la identidad digital, dado que las tecnologías actuales no ofrecen garantías suficientes de privacidad ni soberanía individual. Con el objetivo de atender este vacío, este trabajo realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura guiada por cuatro preguntas de investigación enmarcadas en las tecnologías de identidad digital, enfoques metodológicos, dominios de aplicación y marcos normativos. Se analizaron 835 publicaciones científicas del período 2022-2026, de las cuales 23 conformaron el corpus definitivo. El análisis revela que la tecnología de cadena de bloques constituye el sustrato tecnológico predominante en el 91 % de las soluciones identificadas, mientras que el paradigma de identidad autosoberana representa el enfoque arquitectónico dominante en el 52 % de los estudios. En particular, los identificadores descentralizados, las credenciales verificables y las pruebas de conocimiento cero se consolidan como arquitectura canónica para la autenticación privada. Asimismo, los dominios vinculados al internet de las cosas, la salud digital y los servicios financieros evidencian la mayor densidad de implementaciones documentadas. Sin embargo, los retos que deja este análisis se concentran en la protección de datos y el reglamento de identidad digital, en la preparación criptográfica frente a amenazas de computación cuántica, y en la validación con usuarios en entornos reales.
Citas
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